Repel 100 Insect Repellent, Pump Spray, 4-Fluid Ounces, 10-Hour Protection

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EWG’s science review concluded that although DEET certainly isn’t perfect, its safety profile is actually better than a lot of people think. Given that DEET is highly effective, reasonably safe and has been used billions of times, we concluded that it’s a reasonable choice when you need a repellent that really works.

Unlike icaridin, DEET is an effective solvent [31] and may dissolve some watch crystals, [32] plastics, rayon, spandex, other synthetic fabrics, and painted or varnished surfaces including nail polish. It also may act as a plasticizer by remaining inside some formerly hard plastics, leaving them softened and more flexible. DEET is incompatible with rayon, acetate, or dynel clothing. [33] Environmental impact [ edit ] a b c d "Insect Repellent Use and Safety". West Nile Virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007-01-12. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Limited data indicates that combining insect repellents with DEET and sunscreen decreases the sun protection factor of the sunscreen by about a third. [4] Unlike icaridin, the combination also increases the absorption of both significantly. [5] When the two need to be used together, the repellent should be applied after the sunscreen has been absorbed, about 30 or more minutes later. [29] A 2008 study found that higher concentrations of DEET have an improved ability to repel insects through fabric. [16] Contraindications [ edit ] Goodyer, Larry; Schofield, Steven (2018-05-01). "Mosquito repellents for the traveller: does picaridin provide longer protection than DEET?". Journal of Travel Medicine. 25 (Suppl_1): S10–S15. doi: 10.1093/jtm/tay005. ISSN 1708-8305. PMID 29718433.If you still can’t bear to put deet on your skin (some people say it smells terrible, others that they will never trust the chemical no matter what anyone tells them), there are other effective repellents to consider.

a b c d DeGennaro, Matthew (2015). "The mysterious multi-modal repellency of DEET". Fly. 9 (1): 45–51. doi: 10.1080/19336934.2015.1079360. ISSN 1933-6942. PMC 4594586. PMID 26252744. One thing most experts agree on is that citronella candles aren’t effective. Studies showed citronella candles and incense only decreased the chance of a bite by about 20 to 40 percent (DEET decreases these chances by more than 95 percent). Wind can also disperse or douse the candle’s flame, meaning mosquitos will come find you anyway, Markowski explains. a b Seo J, Lee YG, Kim SD, Cha CJ, Ahn JH, Hur HG (April 2005). "Biodegradation of the insecticide N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide by fungi: identification and toxicity of metabolites". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 48 (3): 323–8. doi: 10.1007/s00244-004-0029-9. PMID 15750774. S2CID 31723995. The overall incidence of deet poisoning is very low. In 1998 the Environmental Protection Agency conducted a definitive assessment of the chemical. The agency turned up 46 seizures and four deaths that were potentially linked to deet exposure. It estimated that since 1960, the incidence of seizures with a potential link to deet exposure was 1 per 100 million uses. The Jungle Formula brand makes all kinds of mosquito repellent lotions and sprays, but this diffuser is particularly effective and easy to use. Its odour-free prallethrin insecticide vapour kills and wards off mosquitoes, midges and other small flying insects for up to 450 hours. So if you switch it on for 10 hours every night, it’ll be a month and a half before you need to buy another 35ml refill. You get one bottle in this box, along with the diffuser. That’s more than enough to see you through a holiday in a bug-friendly climate, or through a balmy period of summer.DEET". Pesticide Information Profile. EXTOXNET. October 1997. Archived from the original on 2020-11-19 . Retrieved 2007-09-26. It’s a very effective insect repellent, and true to its name as a repellent, it doesn’t kill insects, it just keeps them from landing on you. There’s a theory that it prevents bugs from smelling you, so they’re uninterested in coming closer. Is DEET safe?

Canada, Health (2012-05-11). "Personal Insect repellents". Government of Canada . Retrieved 2023-08-07. A slightly yellow liquid at room temperature, it can be prepared by converting m-toluic acid (3-methylbenzoic acid) to the corresponding acyl chloride using thionyl chloride (SOCl 2), and then allowing that product to react with diethylamine: [40] [41] History [ edit ] a b Rodriguez J, Maibach HI (2016-01-02). "Percutaneous penetration and pharmacodynamics: Wash-in and wash-off of sunscreen and insect repellent". Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 27 (1): 11–18. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1050350. ISSN 0954-6634. The most effective and long-standing chemical used in mosquito repellents is N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, better known as DEET. The US Army has been issuing it to its troops since the 1940s. In recent decades, there have been a few medical reports suggesting there are links between DEET and health problems, but ultimately none of them has been substantiated.

Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB (2008). "Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent DEET". Science. 319 (5871): 1838–42. Bibcode: 2008Sci...319.1838D. doi: 10.1126/science.1153121. PMID 18339904. S2CID 18499590. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Applying DEET to the skin is safe if done as directed. Adverse reactions are very rare, about 1 in 100 million people. However, repeated use of DEET in very high concentrations can lead to toxic encephalopathy with severe neurological symptoms including seizures, tremors and slurred speech. The risk is higher for children since they have a greater surface area to body weight ratio. [27] [28] Interactions [ edit ] Oil of lemon eucalyptus: This can repel mosquitoes if formulated into a repellent product—the essential oil on its own won’t do the job, according to the CDC. a b c Kitchen LW, Lawrence KL, Coleman RE (June 2009). "The role of the United States military in the development of vector control products, including insect repellents, insecticides, and bed nets". Journal of Vector Ecology. 34 (1): 50–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00007.x. PMID 20836805. [ permanent dead link]

There are some products that heat up and release synthetic pyrethroids, which work in calm weather. But the elements can also render these products useless. These pyrethroids are also harmful to aquatic species, so you shouldn’t use them if you live near a stream or lake. DEET was developed in 1944 [42] by Samuel Gertler [42] of the United States Department of Agriculture for use by the United States Army, [43] following its experience of jungle warfare during World War II. It was originally tested as a pesticide on farm fields, and entered military use in 1946 and civilian use in 1957. It was used in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. [44] The EPA keeps a handy list of compounds that effectively fight off disease-harboring pests, and tells you which pests each repellent keeps away. These repellents have a relatively low environmental toxicity and are safe for humans in accepted doses.Haleem ZM, Yadav S, Cushion ML, Tanner RJ, Carek PJ, Mainous AG (2020). "Exposure to N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide Insect Repellent and Human Health Markers: Population Based Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 103 (2): 812–814. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0226. PMC 7410448. PMID 32458781. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) DEET certainly isn’t the only effective insect repellent out there. Other effective repellents include: Mathai AT, Pillai KS, Deshmukh PB (1989). "Acute toxicity of deet to a freshwater fish, Tilapia mossambica: Effect on tissue glutathione levels". Journal of Environmental Biology. 10 (2): 87–91. Archived from the original on 2007-11-07. As with all insect repellents, the key to using deet-based products safely is to follow product instructions and take basic precautions.